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ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ
  • ืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจ/ืชืื•ืกื™ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ

ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœืฆื• ื™ืขืจื•ืช-ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื” ืœืขืฆื™ ื“ืงืœ, ืขืฆื™ ืคื™ืงื•ืก, ืขืฆื™ ืžื˜ืข ื•ืขื•ื“


ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช -ืฆื• ื™ืขืจื•ืช (ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ) ื”ืชืฉืค"ื - 2021

ืฉืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืขื•ื“ื“ ืคื•ืจืจ ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2021. ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืจื™ืชื”, ืœืขืฆื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื.

ื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช -ื‘ืฆืจื•ืฃ 4 ืงื‘ืฆื™ื :ืžืกืจื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื, ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ื•ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ 1744 ื.ื ืฉื™ื


ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืžืชื™ืจื” ืœืฉืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืจื™ืชื” ืจืง ื‘ื”ืขื“ืจ ืฆื•ืจืš ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ (ืขืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื ืชื ื—ืกืจืช ืขืจืš ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ).


"ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ " ื”ืฉืชืงืฃ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื’ืฉื ื• :ืœื ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื” ืœืขืฆื™ ื“ืงืœ, ืขืฆื™ ืคื™ืงื•ืก, ืขืฆื™ ืžื˜ืข ื•ืขื•ื“


ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื :

ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ 5.10.2021 ื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ืžื›ืชื‘ ืžืคืงื™ื“ ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืืจื– ื‘ืจืงืื™ ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื–ื” , ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืื“ื™ืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฆื• ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช- ื•ืžืชืขืœื ืžื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืฉืœื—ื• ืืœื™ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื , ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžื” ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืžื›ืชื‘, ืžื” ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ืฉืœ ืฆื• ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช, (ื ืฉืœื— ื‘ืจื•ืจ)


ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ 22.9.2021 - ื“ื•ื— RIA-ื”ื•ืฆืžื“ ืœืคืจืกื•ื ืฆื• ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช , ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื–ื” ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœืงื™. ื•ืื™ืœื• ื•ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ืกืชืจื• /ืžื•ืกืชืจื™ื:

ื. ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื•ื ื™ื-ื”ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช 2018

ื‘ . ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ืช ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ื ื˜ืœ ื”ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ 11/2018 (9)


2.9.2021

ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœืฆื• ื™ืขืจื•ืช -ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื”.

ื”ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื: ืื•ืกื™ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ-ืฆื‘ื ื”ื’ื ื” ืœืขืฆื™ื & ืขืฆื™ื ื”ื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื™ืคื•

1744 ื.ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ืžืกืจื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื

ืชื ื•ืขืช ืื•ืž"ืฅ

ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื™ืคื•

ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ืœื•ืŸ

ื•ืขื•ื“


1744 ื.ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ืœืฉืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืคื•ืจืจ ืืช ืขืจื›ื ืฉืœ ืขืฆื™ ื”ื“ืงืœ, ืขืฆื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ืก, ืขืฆื™ ื”ืžื˜ืข , ืขืฆื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืขืฆื™ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืืช ืขืจื›ื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ื , ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื .

1744 ื.ื ืฉื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ -ื‘ื™ื˜ืื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื ื’ื“ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื”.(ืฆื• ื™ืขืจื•ืช)


ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช:


1. "ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืชืงื ื”: ืฉืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ ืžื•ืกืžืš ืžื›ื•ื— ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืœื”ื›ืจื™ื– ื‘ืฆื• ืขืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืขืฅ ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืื• ื”ืขืชืงืชื• ืื™ื ืŸ ื˜ืขื•ื ื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื–ืืช, ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืฆื•ืจืš ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ."

1.ื. . ื‘ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืคื™ื ื”ื•ื›ื—ื ื• ื•ื”ื•ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘-ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื˜ืขื ืช "ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืขืจืš ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™" ืœืžืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืจื™ืชื”-ื ื“ื—ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืกืฃ.


1.ื‘. ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืœืกืขื™ืฃ ื–ื” "ืฆื•ืจืš ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™-ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืคื™ืช, ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช, ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช"[2]

ืœื ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืฉืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช - ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื‘ืฆื• ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืœื”ืขื“ืจ ืฆื•ืจืš ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ?


1.ื’ "ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช ื”ืชื›ื ืกื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ืช 2018 ื•ืคื™ืจืฉื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ื ื— "ืฆื•ืจืš ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™" ืžืชื•ืš ืจืื™ื™ื” ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ืœืคื™ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืฆื™ื ื”ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ืœืงื™ื•ื ืžื™ื ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ืžืคืจื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ."

1.ื“. "ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ" ื”ื•ืขื“ื” ื—ืจื™ื’ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืง-ืœื ืจืฉืื™ืช ื”ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื—ื•ืง.

1. ื” .ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื—ืจื™ื’ ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ืง ื‘ืžืชื ื” ืขืฆื™ ืขื ืง ืœื›ื•ืจืชื™ ืขืฆื™ื,

1.ื• ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ืขื“ื” ืžื•ืกืชืจื™ื ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื’ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืฆืžื“ื™ื ืœืฆื• ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ- ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื•ื ืืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช..


1.ื•. ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ื-ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ืžืื‘ืงื ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ืœ ื”ืขืช.

ืžื ื’ื“- ืœื ื ืจืื” ืืฃ ืœื ืžืื‘ืง ืื—ื“ ืœืžืขืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ " ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ " ืื• ื‘ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืขืฆื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืขืจืš.

ืœื›ืŸ-ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช ื—ื•ื˜ืืช ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื” -ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ืฉื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืฉื•ื•ื ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืขื”.


2. ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช:

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื” ืœืขืฆื™ื ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื - ืœื ืงืจื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ !

ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช :ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืข"ื™ ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช, ื—ื•ืง ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ื•ื—ื•ืง ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข.

  • ืœื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขืฅ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืจื™ืชื” ืœืคื™ "ืžืฆื‘ื•, ื’ื™ืœื•, ื ื“ื™ืจื•ืชื•, ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื•, ืžื™ืงื•ืžื• ื•ืขืจื›ื• ื”ื ื•ืคื™, ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™, ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื•ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™" (ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช)

  • ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื, ื™ื›ืจืชื• ืœืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืขืจื›ื ืœืื“ื, ืœื‘ืข"ื— ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื›ื ืฃ, ืœืžืงื•ื.

  • ืœื ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื”ืกื›ืžืช ืจื•ื‘ ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืœื›ืจื™ืชื”.

  • ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื”, ืื™ืŸ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช - ืขืฆื™ื ื™ื›ืจืชื• ื•ืœื ื ื“ืข ืœืžื” .

  • ืœื ื™ืขืจื›ื• ืกืงืจื™ ืขืฆื™ื, ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœื ื™ืฉืงื•ืœ ื›ืœืœ ืืช ื”ื’ื ืชื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื,

  • ืœื ื™ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืจืš ื—ืœื™ืคื™, ืœื ื™ื™ื ื˜ืขื• ืขืฆื™ื ื›ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื ื•ืคื™. ( ื›ืกืคื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ )

  • ืœื ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื›ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืจื™ืชื”.

  • ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืขืจืจ ื•ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ื.

  • ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืขืฆื™ ื”ื“ืงืœ ื”ืชืžืจื™ื ื”ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื™ื™ืขืœืžื• ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ืžื—ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื.

  • ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืขืฆื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ืก ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืฆืœ-ื™ื™ืขืœืžื• ืžื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื(ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืคืจื˜ ืœืœื‘ ื”ืขืจื™ื)

  • ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืขืฆื™ ืžื˜ืข ื™ื›ืจืชื• ืœืœื ื‘ืงืจื”, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืœืžืขืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื” ืื• ืœืžืขืŸ ืžื›ื™ืจืช ื”ืขืฅ ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ืจื• ืื“ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ืคื”. ืœื ืชื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืขืชืงื” ืื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืžื˜ืขื™ื ืื• ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžืฆื‘.

ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื”ืฉืจ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื›ืš ื‘ืžืœืื™ ื”ืขืฆื™ื?

ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื”ืฉืจ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ?

ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื ืฉื’ื‘ ืœื ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆื• ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื ืฉื•ื ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ื–ื•.


3. ืกื—ื•ืจื” ืงืœื” ืœื”ืฉื’ื”.

ืขืฆื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื-ื”ืคื›ื• ื‘ืžื—ื˜ืฃ ืœืกื—ื•ืจื” .

ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ โ‚ช ื‘ืžืชื ื” ืœื›ื•ืจืชื™ ื•ืกื•ื—ืจื™ ื”ืขืฅ ,

ื•ืืฃ ืชื•ืจื ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื” -ืœืกื—ืจ ื‘ืขืฅ ืœืœื ืชืขื•ื“

ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื‘ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืžื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ , ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉืงืœื™ื , ื ื˜ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื™ืขืจื•ืช.

ื‘ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื–ืจ ืฉืขืจื›ื• ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืฉื›ื—ื• ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืžื ื’ื“ ืืช ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืขืฆื™ื . ื•ื’ื ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื™

ื›ืกืฃ ื–ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื ื”ืขืฅ ืžื•ื’ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื•ื™ืฉ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื”


4.ื”ืกืชืจื”:

ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฆื• ื™ืขืจื•ืช : "ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช ื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ืœืฉืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2018 "

ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ืœื ืคื•ืจืกืžื• .

ืžื“ื•ืข ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” 12.2018 - ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืžื“ ืœืฆื• ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื›ืจื™ืชื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื–ื•?

ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ืฉืงื•ืฃ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ?

5. ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืฆื• : ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื” ืœืขืฆื™ ื”ื“ืงืœ:

"ืขืฆื™ ื“ืงืœ ื”ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขืจืš ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืฆื™ื ื“ื•-ืคืกื™ื’ื™ื™ื. ืชืจื•ืžืชื ืœืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ื•ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ืช ืขื“ ื–ื ื™ื—ื”: ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืฆืœ, ืื™ื ื ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ืชื•ืคืขืช ืื™-ื”ื—ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ื•ืชืจื•ืžืชื ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ืจืขืฉื™ื, ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืชืจืช ื—ื–ื™ืชื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืคื™ืช, ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช, ื•ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžืื•ื“. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืžื•ืฆืข ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืขืฆื™ื ืืœื• ืžื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื” (ืœืžืขื˜ ืขืฅ ื“ืงืœ ืžืกื•ื’ ื“ื•ื ืžืฆืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื›ืจื– ื›ืขืจืš ื˜ื‘ืข ืžื•ื’ืŸ)"



5.ื . ืžืชืขืœื ืฆื• ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืž"ืขืจืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ " ื”ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช. ืžืชืขืœื ื‘ืžื’ืžืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืชืจืช ื›ืจื™ืชื”.

5.ื‘. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืฉืจ/ ืคืงื™ื“ ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืฉืขืฆื™ ื”ื“ืงืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขืจืš ื ืžื•ืš ?

  • ื”ื“ืงืœื™ื ืขืฆื™ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช, ืขืฆื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืขืฆื™ ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช.

  • ืœื•ืœื‘- ืžืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช- ืœื•ืœื‘-ืขื ืฃ ื“ืงืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืœื•ืœื‘ .

  • "ืฆืื• ื”ื”ืจ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืขืœื™ ื–ื™ืช ื•ืขืœื™ ืขืฅ ืฉืžืŸ ื•ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ืก ื•ืขืœื™ ืชืžืจื™ื ื•ืขืœื™ ืขืฅ ืขื‘ืช ืœืขืฉืช ืกื›ืช ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘"[3] ืขื ืคื™ ื”ื“ืงืœื™ื -ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื›ืกื›ืš ืœืกื•ื›ื”.

  • ื”ืชืžืจ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื .

  • ืžืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื (ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื) ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ื’ื ื™ื, ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื›ืคืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื . ื•ืžืขื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื ืคื™ ืชืžืจ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืจืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ืช.

  • "ืฆื“ื™ืง ื›ืชืžืจ ื™ืคืจื—".[4].

  • ื‘ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกืช ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ ืขืฆื™ ื”ืชืžืจ.

  • ืชืžืจื™ื ื•ืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ืขืชื™ืงื™ื, ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉืžื•ื ืื™ ื•ื’ื ื‘ืจ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืขื• ืชืžืจ ืขืœ ืžื˜ื‘ืข.[5]


  • ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ืงืœื™ื ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื•ืื•ืงืœืžื• ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ , ื ื™ื˜ืขื• ื›ืขืฆื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื ื•ื™ ื”ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ ืงืจืงืข ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ืœืขืฆื™ ื”ื“ืงืœ ื’ื ื‘ื“ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ืช ื•ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช ื”ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ.

  • ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขืฆื™ ื“ืงืœ ื‘ืกืžืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื˜ื‘ืจื™ื” .

  • ืขืฆื™ ื“ืงืœ ื‘ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ ืขืจื™ื ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื‘ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ืžืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช. "ืขืฆื™ ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ื ื™ื” ื•ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื ื ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืคื”, ื™ืคื•, ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืœืืจืฅ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื˜ืžืคืœืจื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืขืžื ืœืืจืฅ ืžื™ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆืžื—ื™ ื ื•ื™ ืขืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœื™ื•ื‘ืฉ"

  • ืขืฆื™ ื”ื“ืงืœ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™? "ื”ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ื ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืช ืœืžื™ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืจืงื™ื ื ื™ื–ื•ื ื™ื ืžืื‘ืงืช ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื, ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ื”ื’ื–ืข ื”ืจืš; ื’ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืืช ืคืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ื ื™ื” ื•ืžืงื ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื" [6]

  • ื”ืขืฅ ื›ื ืจืื” ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื, ืขืžื™ื“ ืœืžืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื•ืจืกืก ื™ื ื•ื ื˜ืขื• ื‘ืขืจื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ.

ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื”: ื˜ื‘ืจื™ื” 1800.


5.ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืขืฆื™ ื”ื“ืงืœ ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืชื•ืช ืœืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ืœื™ื”ื“ื•ืช,

ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขืจืš ื ื•ืคื™ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื•ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ,

ื ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื—ืฆืจื•ืช, ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืงืจืงืข , ื•ืฆืžืจืชื ื”ื™ื ื™ืขืจ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื•.

ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื”. ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฆื•ืจืš ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™


5. ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช, ื”ืฉืจ ื•ืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ื”ื–ืจื™ื ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช,

(ืื ืœืžืขืŸ ื›ื•ืจืชื™ ื•ืกื•ื—ืจื™ ื”ืขืฅ/ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื›ืจื™ืชื” ืงืœื” /ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืžืœืื™ ื”ืขืฆื™ื/ ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืงืฉื” โ€“ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืžื’ืžืชื™ื•ืช.)


5. ื” ื”ืืžื™ืจื” ื—ืกืจืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ " ื—ืกืจื™ ืขืจืš ื ื•ืคื™ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™" ื”ืชื‘ืกืกื” ืข"ื™ ืคืงื™ื“ ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืืจื– ื‘ืจืงืื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื’ื” .[7] ื›ื”ื›ื ื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืงื ื” ื–ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืžืœืื” ืฉื”ื•ืกืชืจื” ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.

ืคืขื•ืœื” ื–ื• ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžืขืŸ ื›ื•ืจืชื™ ื”ืขืฆื™ื/ ื”ืงืœื” ื‘ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืขืฆื™ื / ื›ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืจืช - ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.


6. ื˜ืขื ืช ืฆื• ื™ืขืจื•ืช: ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ-ื‘ืžื˜ืข ื—ืงืœืื™

"ื‘ืžื˜ืข ื—ืงืœืื™ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื ื™ื˜ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื’ื“ืœ ื•ืœืฉื•ื•ืง ืชื•ืฆืจืช ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ื•ืžืฉื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืคื ื™ ื›ืจื™ืชื”. ืžื˜ืขื™ื ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื ื™ื˜ืขื™ื ืžื˜ืขืžื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืชื•ืฆืจืช ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ืœืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืžืกื—ืจื™, ื•ืžืฉื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ื›ืจื™ืชืชื"


ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช:

6.ื ืžื˜ืจืช ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ: "ืœื—ืกืš ื›ืกืฃ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ", ืœื›ืื•ืจื” -ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช "ื ื˜ืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื™" ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ,ืœื—ืงืœืื™ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื— ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื”ื—ืœืคืช ืžื˜ืข ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื›ืœ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื. ื”ื ื˜ืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ -ื–ื ื™ื—.

6.ื‘ ืžื ื’ื“ ืขื•ืžื“ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื›ืจื™ืชื” ืžื™ื•ืชืจืช, ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” โ€“ ื•ืœืžื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ.


6.ื’ -ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืจื™ืชื” ืœืขืฆื™ ืžื˜ืข - ื”ื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื ืง ืœืืœืคื™ ืื• ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืขืฆื™ื.

ืื ื‘ืงืฉืช ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืžื˜ืข -ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื—ืœืคืช ืžื˜ืข - ืชืงื‘ืœ ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ/ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ ื•ื›ืžื• ื”ื™ื•ื,

ืื•ืœื ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื”ืžื˜ืข ื”ื•ื ื ื“ืœ"ื ื™ , ื•ื›ืจื™ืชืช ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืœื”ื•ืชื™ืจ ืื“ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ืคื” ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘.


6.ื“ ื›ืžื•ืช ื›ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืขืฆื™ื- ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช. ื•ืœื ืœื›ืจื™ืชื” ืœืœื ื›ืœ ื‘ืงืจื”.


6.ื” ื”ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื“ื‘ื•ืจ - ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืžืชืŸ ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืœื—ืงืœืื™ ื•ืงืจืงืข ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืช, ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืžื˜ืขื™ ืขืฆื™ื .

6.ื• ื‘ืื—ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื - ืขืฆื™ ืžื˜ืข ื™ืžืกืจื• ืœื ื˜ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ืช ืžืงื•ื.

6.ื– ืžื˜ืขื™ื ื•ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื, ืขืฆื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืช ื ื•ืกืฃ. ื•ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื ื ื“ืจืฉ.

6.ื— ืžื˜ืขื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืกื‘ืกื•ื“ ืžื™ื ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฃ, ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืงืฉืจ ืœืžื•ืจืฉืช.



7. ื˜ืขื ืช ืฆื• ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื” ืคื™ืงื•ืกื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“- ืขืฆื™ื ืคื•ืœืฉื™ื :


ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื”:

ืฉื ื™ ืชื ืื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืขืฅ ื›ืคื•ืœืฉ:

ื. ืขืฅ ื”ืžืงื™ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื—ืงื•ืช ืœืœื ื ื˜ื™ืขื”

ื‘. ืขืฅ ื”ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื.

ืฉื ื™ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ืื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื—ื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื ื‘ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ื ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื‘ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ ืขืฆื™ื ืคื•ืœืฉื™ื.



7.ื . ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื˜ื•ืจื— ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืžื™ื ื™ื ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืžืฉืœ -ื”ืืงืœื™ืคื˜ื•ืกื™ื ( ืคืงื™ื“ ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื”ืชื™ืจ ืœื›ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื ืžื”ื -ืœืื ืฉื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื”ื’ื ื™ื.- ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื, ืจื˜"ื’, ืžื™ื™ืขืฆื™ื ืœื›ืจื•ืช ืืงืœื™ืคื˜ื•ืกื™ื-ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื›ืžื• ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข - ื–ืืช ืชื—ืช ืขื™ื ื• ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืœืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืื’ืฃ ื™ืขืจ ื•ืื™ืœื ื•ืช. )


7.ื‘ ื›ื "ืœ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ืกื™ื ืฉืžืชื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื›ืจื™ืชืชื - ืœืœื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื”, ืœืœื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืœื ืกื™ื‘ื”

ื‘ืฆื• ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื–ื”, ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืขืฆื™ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืฆืœ ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื.


7. ื’ . ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฆื• ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช : "ืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆื™ื ืคื•ืœืฉื™ื ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ื”ืŸ. ืงื™ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆื™ื ืคื•ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืฆืชื ื”ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช, ื•ืžื—ืžื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื”ืŸ. ื”ื—ืจื’ืช ืžื™ื ื™ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื”ืคื•ืœืฉื™ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื” ืžืงืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื, ื•ืขืœ ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช. ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื”ื’ื ื™ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ืžื–ื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื™ื ืคื•ืœืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื ืœื’ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื—ืœืง ืžืจืฉื™ืžื” ื–ื•, ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืฆื• ื”ืžื•ืฆืข, ืชื•ืš ืจืื™ื™ืช ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ" .


ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” - ืžืชื•ืš ืฆื• ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื›ืจื™ืชืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ืกื™ื ืœืœื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื



7.ื“. ืขืฆื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ืก ื”ืื“ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืคื™ื ื•ืช ื—ืžื“ ื•ืฆืœ ื™ื™ืขืœืžื• ืžื”ื ื•ืฃ- ืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ .

ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืจื•ืื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื”ื’ื ืชื. ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ืชื”.


7. ื” ื˜ืขืชื” ื”ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉืงื‘ืขื” ื›ื™ "ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™" ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช "ืฆื•ืจืš ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™" ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื—ื•ืง

ื˜ืขืชื” ื”ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืฆื•ืจืš ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืจื™ืชื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ โ€“

ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื–ื•ืขื ืขืœ ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ืœืœื ืกื™ื‘ื” ืžื•ื›ื—ืช, ื•ื™ื•ืฆื ื ื’ื“ ื•ื“ืฃ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืขืฆื™ื ื”ื ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื,

ื‘ื™ื ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื“ื‘ืจ.


7.ื• ืคืขืจ ืขืฆื•ื ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ-ืœ 6 ืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆื™ ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื‘2014,

ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ืช ื‘ืฆื• ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื–ื” , ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ืก ื›ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื -ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื-

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืขื™ื–ื” ื”ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืื•ืชื ืœื›ื•ืจืชื™ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืœืœื ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืจื” ?

ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช. ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืชืžื•ื”ื”.

ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืœื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืคืงื™ื“ ื™ืขืจื•ืช ?


7.ื– ืคืœื™ืฉืช ืขืฆื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ืก - ืžืชื•ืš ืกืคืจ ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื”ืคื•ืœืฉื™ื 2019 (8)


ืชืžื•ื ื” - ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืคืœื™ืฉื” ืคื™ืงื•ืก ื”ืฉื“ืจื•ืช


ืชืžื•ื ื” - ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื -ืคื™ืงื•ืก ื”ืฉื“ืจื•ืช

ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ ื”ืคืœื™ืฉื” ื•ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื - ืชืžื•ื”ื™ื ื•ืœื ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื™ื ื›ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื”.

ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืฆื™ ืคื™ืงื•ืก ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื

ืื– ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืืŸ? ืœืžื” ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืจื™ืชืช ื”ืขืฆื™ื.?

ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื ื• -ื›ืœ ืœื˜ืื” ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืื• ืฉืจืš ื‘ืขืœ 3 ืขืœื™ื- ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื›ืืŸ , ืœื”ื ื”ืขืฅ ืœื ื™ืคืจื™ืข, ืœื”ื ื™ืฉ ืฉื˜ื— ืฆื—ื™ื— ื•ื ืจื—ื‘.

ื•ืžื” ื–ื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžืกืคืง ื”ืขืฅ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ? ื—ืœื—ื•ืœ ืžื™ ื”ื’ืฉื, ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงืจืงืข , ื“ื—ื™ืงืช ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ , ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื’ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื. ืคื™ืกืช ืฆืœ ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ืช ืœืื“ื ื•ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.


7.ื— . ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืคื•ืœืฉื™ื ื”ื "ืœ โ€“ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืกืคืจ ื•ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ื›ื—ืช, ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ : ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฆืœ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื,

ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ืœื ืžื‘ื•ืกืก, ื—ืกืจ ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ. (ืชืœืš ื”ืœื˜ืื” ื”ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืคื™ืงื•ืก.)

ืื™ืŸ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื”ื’ื ืช ืขืฆื™ื ื”ืœืœื• . ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืจื™ืชื”.

ืœื ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืœื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื .


7.ื˜. ื”ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื›ืœ ื’ื ืื™ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื–ื•

ืื ืขืฅ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ืžื–ื™ืง- ื”ื•ื ื™ืื•ืชืจ ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื™ื›ืจืช- ืืš ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืœื ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ืœืืฃ ืื—ื“

. ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ืขืฆื™ื ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืœื›ืœ ื’ื ืื™ ืฉื›ืš ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืžืฉืื‘ ื›ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ืคืงื™ื“ ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืžืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ื ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ืœืœื ืฆื•ืจืš ื•ืื ื• ื ืฉืœื ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ .

ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืกืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.



8. ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืฆื• -ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื” ืื™ืœื ื™ืชื” ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืช

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื”โ€“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื


ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื”: ืื™ืœื ื™ืชื” - ืžืฆื‘ ืคืœื™ืฉื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืžืชื•ืš ืกืคืจ ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืคื•ืœืฉื™ื2019)


ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช โ€“

8.ื . ืื™ืœื ื™ืชื” ืขืฅ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืžืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืจื‘ ืžืฉื•ืคืขื™ ืฆืœ. ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืจื™ืชื”

ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื”ืคื•ืœืฉื™ื 2010 โ€“ ืื™ืœื ื™ืชื” ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ื–ื›ืจืช ื›ืœืœ.

ื”ืขืฅ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืคื•ืœืฉ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื–ื™ืง โ€“ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืชืžื. โ€“ ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื›ืจื™ืชื” ืœืœื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ.


ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื”[8] : ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื”ืื™ืœื ื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื -

ื”ืื ื–ื” ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœืขืฆื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ? ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื.

ื”ืขื“ืจ ืฆืœ ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืืงืœื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ - ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช - ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืฉืชืชื‘ืฆืข ืœืœื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื”.



9. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื” ืœืžืขืŸ "ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ " ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ - ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื‘ื ืช ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืขืฅ ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง.

ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืืžืช - 34 โ‚ชื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื–ื• ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ( ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” 11.2018 )

ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ?


ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ืขืจืš ื”ืขืฅ ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื™ ? (40.000 โ‚ช ืขืจืš ื—ืœื™ืคื™ ืœืขืฅ ื‘ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื’ื–ืข 50 ืก"ืž) .

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื ืข ืืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื”ื ื•ืคื™ ื•ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฅ. - ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื™ืฉ ืœืชืจื’ื ืืช ืขืจืš ื”ืขืฅ - ืœืขืจืš ื”ื ื˜ื™ืขื” ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืช.


ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื˜ืจืช ืฆื• ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื–ื” - ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื”ื ื•ืคื™ ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืง

ืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™.



9. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื” ืœืขืฆื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื- ื”ื•ื ื—ืจื™ื’ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœื ืงืจื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ. ื•ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืื’ืฃ ื™ืขืจ ื•ืื™ืœื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื• ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™.

ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ืžืชื™ืช-ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื”ื›ืคืœืช ื”ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ืชื•ืš ืฉื ื”...

140,000 ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2018 - ืœืขื•ืžืช 280,000 ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2020 .

ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ื”ื›ืคืœื ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช .

ืฆื• ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื–ื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ- ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื•ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืกืคื™ืจื” . ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืชืขื•ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื• ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ื›ืจื™ืชื” ื‘ื”ืกืชืจื”.

. ืžื•ื ืขืช ืืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืขืจืš ื”ืขืฅ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืงื•ื . ื•ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืืงืœื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™.


10. ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื’ืžืชื™ ื•ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ ืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื•ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื ื’ื“ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.

1. ืฆื• ืื™ืœื ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื - ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ ื‘ื™ืŸ 1997 ืœ 2017 (ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืื™ืœื ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื)

ืฆื• ื”ืื™ืœื ื•ืช ืœื ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืื•ืชื” ื•ืขื“ื” ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช ื•ืื•ืชื• ืคืงื™ื“ ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™.

ืจืื•ื™ ืœื›ืœ ื’ื ืื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืื’ืฃ, ืคืงื™ื“ ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™, ื•ื”ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ืœื• ืืช ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฆื• ืื™ืœื ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื ื•ื—ืชืจื• ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ื‘ื• ืขืฆื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ืจืช ืœืœื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื”.

ืืช ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ื•ืง ื•ืืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ืงืจืื• ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื” .


ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืขืฆื™ื โ€“ ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœืช ื‘ืื’ืฃ ื™ืขืจ ื•ืื™ืœื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืืจื‘ืข ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช -ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืกื•ืฃ 2018.

ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืืงืœื™ื, ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื‘ืžื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ.

11. ื”ื˜ืขื™ื” ื‘ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ืœืฆื• ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช:

ื“ื•ื— RIA ืžื•ืฆืžื“ ืœื”ืฆืขืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ืื™ื ื• ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืœืขืฆื™ื ื‘ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช

ืœื ื”ื•ืฆืžื“ ืœื”ืฆืขืช ื”ื—ื•ืง : ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœื™ื ื”ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืจื™ืชื” -2018 , 2014

ืœื ื”ื•ืฆืžื“ ืœื”ืฆืขืช ื”ื—ื•ืง: ื“ื•ื— ื”ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืœืจืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืจื™ืชื” -ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2018 , ื“ื•ื— ื–ื” ืžื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™.

ื“ื•ื— ื–ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœื›ืจื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆื™ ื”ื“ืงืœ ืœืœื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื” ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืฆื• ื™ืขืจื•ืช.


ื“ื•"ื— RIA ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืขืฆื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืช ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืจื™ืชื”:

ืขืฆื™ ื”ื“ืงืœ โ€“ ืœื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ื— RIA

ื“ื•ื— RIA ืžื™ื ื™ื ืคื•ืœืฉื™ื โ€“ื›ื•ืœืœ ืจืง ืžืขื˜ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืขืฆื™ ืฉื™ื˜ื” (ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ ื“ื•ื— ื”ื•ืขื“ื” ื‘2014 )

ืขืฆื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ืก ืœื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ื— RIA ืขืฆื™ ืคื™ืงื•ืก ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช. "ืคื•ืœืฉื ื•ืชื" ืœื ืคืขื -ื–ื ื™ื—ื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืขืจื›ื ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.

ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื“ื•ื— RIA

ื“ื•ื— ื”ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืž ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2018 , ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืžื“ ืœืฆื• ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื–ื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื‘ื”ืจืช ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ .

- ืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช " ืฉื›ื—" ืžื” ืขืจืš ื”ืขืฅ ื•ืฉื›ื— ืืช ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืง ืขืจืš ื—ืœื™ืคื™ (ื›ืกืฃ ืื• ื ื˜ื™ืขื” ืœืคื™ ืขืจืš ื›ืกืคื™ )

ืžื˜ืจืชื• ืจืง ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ. ืžืงืกื™ืžื•ื 30 ืฉ"ื— ืœืขืฅ. (ืœืคื™ ื“ื•ื— RIA ื•ื“ื•ื— ื”ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” )

ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืžื•ืœ ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš ื—ืœื™ืคื™ - ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืชื‘ื”ืจืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.

ืขืจืš ื—ืœื™ืคื™ - ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื—ื•ืง. ืขืจืš ื—ืœื™ืคื™ ื”ื•ื ืขืจืš ื›ืœื›ืœื™ , ืืœืคื™ ืขื“ ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉ"ื— ืœื›ื•ืœ ืขืฅ-

ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื‘ื•ืฆืข ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืขืจืš ื”ืขืฅ- ( ื›ืกืคื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ) ื”ืขืฅ ืžื•ืœ ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ 30 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื‘ืงืฉืช ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื” .



ืžืกืชืžืŸ ืขื“ ื›ื” ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ื‘ืื” ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืœืื›ื” , ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงืœื” ื‘ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืขืฆื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ืฉืœื” ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืžืฉื™ืœื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื”.

ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ื›ืจื™ืชื” ื‘ืงืœื•ืช. ืื ืข"ื™ ื‘ืฆื• ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื–ื”, ื•ื’ื ื•ื‘ื”ืฆืขืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื“ื™ืŸ- ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืง ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื”

โ€“

ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืงื‘ืขื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื” -ืจืง ืื ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืขืฅ

ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืžืจ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื• . ื‘ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืฉืœื—ื• ื•ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื- ืœื ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืจื™ืชื”!.


ื ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœืฉืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช -ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืžื•ื“ืข ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ื•ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ ื–ื” -ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืขืฆื™ื,

ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืชื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื..


ื›ืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช โ€“ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืืช ืงื™ื•ื ื”ื—ื•ืง , ืœื—ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืงืœืช ื”ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช .

ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ โ€“ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื›ื—ื•ืง ื•ืœื ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืจื™ืชื”.

ืื ื—ื ื• ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ -ื›ืœ ืขืฅ ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง, ืœื ื™ื™ื›ืจืช ืขืฅ ืœืœื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื” -ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ื™ื›ืจืชื• ืืœืคื™ ืขืฆื™ื -ื›ืžื•ืช ื›ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืขืฆื™ื, ืœื ื™ื›ืจืชื• ืœืœื ื‘ืงืจื”.


ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”

ืืกื ืช ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ

ืฆื‘ื ื”ื’ื ื” ืœืขืฆื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ.


ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื•ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื :

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืืชืจ ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืคืจืกื•ื ืฆื• ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช : https://www.tazkirim.gov.il/s/law-item/a093Y00001XN86qQAD/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%98%D7%AA-%D7%A6%D7%95-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F-%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%90-2021?language=iw



ืงื‘ืฆื™ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ืœืฆื• ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื–ื”:


ืžืฆื’ ื’ืจืคื™ -ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ :

ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” : 1592 ืื™ืฉ ื•ืื™ืฉื”- 89.4% ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื™ื›ืจืชื• ืขืฆื™ ื“ืงืœ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืœืœื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื”


ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื”- ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช 1635 ืื™ืฉ ื•ืื™ืฉื”, 93.7% ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื” ืœืžืขืŸ "ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ"

ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื”- ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช 1618 ืื™ืฉ ื•ืื™ืฉื”- 97.6% ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื

ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช 1623 ืื™ืฉ ื•ืื™ืฉื”, % 95.9 ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขืฆื™ ืžื˜ืข

ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช 1638 ืื™ืฉ ื•ืื™ืฉื” % 95.8 ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœืขืฆื™ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืฆืœ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื˜ืขื ืช ืขืฆื™ื ืคื•ืœืฉื™ื

ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื”-ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช 121 ืื ืฉื™ื

99% ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืขืฆื™ ื“ืงืœ ื™ื›ืจืชื• ืœืœื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืชื”

ื• 97% ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืœืืžื™ืจื” ืฉื”ืขืฆื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืขืจืš ื ื•ืคื™ ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™.

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ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื•ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื : [2] ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช 15 (ื’) [3] ืกืคืจ ื ื—ืžื™ื”, ืคืจืง ื—', ืคืกื•ืง ื˜"ื• [4] ืกืคืจ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื, ืคืจืง ืฆ"ื‘, ืคืกื•ืง ื™"ื’ [5] ื”ืชืžืจ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื• ื•ืžื™ืงื•ืžื• ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ืœื™ ื—ืกืงื™ืŸ [6] https://www.wildflowers.co.il/ilanot/plant.asp?id=2971 [7] ืžื™ืงืกื•ื ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืขืฆื™ ื“ืงืœ ื‘ื”ื•ืจืืช ืคืงื™ื“ ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืืจื– ื‘ืจืงืื™ [8] ืกืคืจ ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื”ืคื•ืœืฉื™ื 2019, ื–ืืŸ ืžืืจืง ื“ืจื•ืจ ื“ื•ืคื•ืจ , ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื“ืŸ ืคืจื™ ืขืžื•ื“ 113

(9) ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ืช ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ื ื˜ืœ ื”ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ / ืืจื– ื‘ืจืงืื™ ื•ืขื ื‘ืจ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™-ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2018

( ืžืกืžืš ื–ื” ืืœื™ื• ื”ื•ืฆืžื“-ื•ื ื•ื”ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืคืงื™ื“ ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ-ื”ื•ืกืชืจื• ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืžืื ืฉื™ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข -ื•ืœื ืคื•ืจืกืžื• ื‘ืืชืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช,

ื”ื”ืกืชืจื” ื ืžืฉื›ื” ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืืจื‘ืข ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช.

ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื™ื—ื›ื•ื ืืช ืกืขื™ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง .

ื›ืจื™ืชืช ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื”ื ืจื—ื‘ืช ื•ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืชื‘ืฆืขืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื‘ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช - ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืืœื• .

(10) ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2018 - ืžืžื•ืขื“ ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืฆืืช ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืง




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